A recent study published in the European Heart Journal highlighted the pivotal role of inflammation on cardiovascular health by establishing a causal link between elevated neutrophil counts and increased risk across multiple cardiovascular endpoints. The findings from both observational and genetic approaches provided a crucial insight into potential possibilities of preventing and managing cardiovascular disease.

The study analyzed data from the Copenhagen General Population Study and involved 101,730 participants. Also, the UK Biobank contributed individual-level data from 365,913 participants for one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), while summary-level data from 563,085 participants were utilized for two-sample MR analyses through the Blood Cell Consortium.
The observational analyses highlighted a critical association between high neutrophil counts and increased risks across nine cardiovascular endpoints. The UK Biobank analyses revealed that a 1-SD increase in genetically predicted neutrophil counts that was correlated with higher odds ratios for ischemic heart disease (1.15), myocardial infarction (1.22), and peripheral arterial disease (1.19). On a positive note, these associations remained consistent when analyzed separately for men and women.
Two-sample MR analyses further strengthened the causal link that found odds ratios of 1.14 for ischemic heart disease and 1.11 for myocardial infarction per 1-SD increase in genetically predicted neutrophil counts. Also, the robustness was maintained through multiple sensitivity analyses. However, no similar associations were found for other types of leukocytes that underline the specificity of the neutrophil-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease connection.
The conclusive evidence of the study establishes high blood neutrophil counts as a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This breakthrough gives us an avenue for targeted interventions and therapies to modulate neutrophil counts that can the prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases. This study offers promising outcome for future strategies that can resolve the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Reference:
Luo, J., Thomassen, J. Q., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., & Frikke-Schmidt, R. (2023). Neutrophil counts and cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 44(47), 4953–4964. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad649