South Korea: A recent large-scale study has revealed that women diagnosed withuterine fibroids (UF)may face a significantly higher risk of developingatrial fibrillation (AF), a common cardiac arrhythmia linked to seriouscardiovascular complications. The findings, published inScientific Reports,were led by Dr. Eue-Keun Choi and colleagues from the Department of Internal Medicine at Seoul National University College of Medicine in South Korea. The research assessed over 2.57 million women aged between 20 and 39 who underwent health screenings between 2009 and 2012. Among them, 20,682 were identified as having uterine fibroids based on diagnostic codes. The participants were followed for an average of 7.3 years to monitor the incidence of atrial fibrillation. The key findings of the study were as follows: The study authors highlighted the clinical importance of these findings, noting that uterine fibroids—though common and often benign—can no longer be considered trivial in the context of cardiovascular health. As AF is associated with higher morbidity in female patients, recognizing sex-specific risk factors may help improve early diagnosis and guide preventive strategies. However, the research team acknowledged several limitations. One concern was the potential for detection bias, as women with fibroids might visit hospitals more frequently, increasing the likelihood of AF diagnosis. The authors attempted to account for this by adjusting for healthcare utilization; however, residual bias may remain. Another limitation was the reliance on administrative codes rather than imaging or pathology to confirm fibroid diagnoses, which may have led to an underestimation of prevalence. Additionally, hormone therapy use, fibroid size, severity, and other gynecological factors were not analyzed due to a lack of available data. Despite these constraints, the results were consistent across analyses, lending credibility to the observed association. The relatively small number of AF cases in the fibroid group and the subdivision by treatment status did raise questions about statistical power, but findings from propensity score–matched analyses supported the main conclusions. The researchers emphasized that healthcare providers should be aware of this increased arrhythmia risk in women with uterine fibroids and consider careful monitoring for signs of AF. Future studies are needed to clarify whether different treatment approaches for fibroids could help mitigate cardiovascular risks. Han, S., Choi, E., Ahn, H., Kwon, S., Han, K., Lee, S., Oh, S., & Lip, G. Y. (2025). Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in uterine fibroid patients: A nationwide population-based study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12954-z