Asthma, a chronic respiratory condition, often involves airway obstruction caused by mucus plugs and inflammation. A recent analysis of the CASCADE (Study to Evaluate Tezepelumab on Airway Inflammation in Adults With Uncontrolled Asthma) placebo-controlled trial has unveiled encouraging results regarding the use of tezepelumab in patients with moderate-to-severe, uncontrolled asthma.
This study was published in The New England Journal Of Medicine by Lars H. N. and colleagues. The study focused on mucus plugs in the airways, a significant contributor to airway obstruction in asthmatic patients, and their association with inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13. The findings indicate that tezepelumab was associated with a substantial reduction in mucus plugs compared to a placebo, offering a potential avenue for targeted therapy in asthma management.
The study involved patients aged 18 to 75 years old who were randomly assigned to receive either 210 mg of tezepelumab or a placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for a minimum of 28 weeks. CT imaging was employed to assess the presence of mucus plugs in 18 lung segments before and after treatment. An expert radiologist, unaware of the treatment groups and time points, objectively scored the mucus plugs, with higher scores indicating a greater number of mucus plugs.
Patients receiving tezepelumab experienced a significant reduction in mucus plug scores compared to those receiving the placebo.
Specifically, the absolute change from baseline (mean [±standard deviation]) in mucus plug score was -1.7±2.6 in the tezepelumab group (n=37) and 0.0±1.4 in the placebo group (n=45).
The study found notable correlations between mucus plug scores and various inflammatory biomarkers, such as blood eosinophils, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IL-5, and IL-13.
Higher mucus plug scores were associated with increased levels of these biomarkers and decreased lung function measures, including pre bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced mid-expiratory flow.
For patients who received tezepelumab, reductions in mucus plug scores were correlated with improvements in lung function and reductions in blood eosinophil count and levels of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, which serves as a biomarker of eosinophilic degranulation.
In summary, this study suggests that tezepelumab may offer a promising approach to reduce mucus plugs, a common contributor to airway obstruction in patients with moderate-to-severe, uncontrolled asthma. These findings hold potential implications for targeted therapies that address mucus-related airway issues in asthma management.
Reference:
Nordenmark, L. H., Hellqvist, Å., Emson, C., Diver, S., Porsbjerg, C., Griffiths, J. M., Newell, J. D., Peterson, S., Pawlikowska, B., Parnes, J. R., Megally, A., Colice, G., & Brightling, C. E.. Tezepelumab and mucus plugs in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. NEJM Evidence,2023;2(10). https://doi.org/10.1056/evidoa2300135