A recent study published inJAMA Network Openhighlights that a second dose of the inactivated influenza vaccine offers additional protection in vaccine-naive children younger than 3 years of age. According to the authors, while a single dose can provide some immunity, the full two-dose schedule appears to confer greater benefits in terms of reducing influenza-related illness and complications in this vulnerable age group. However, the study also noted that the protective advantage of the second dose diminishes as children grow older, suggesting that the timing and age-specific effectiveness of vaccination are important considerations for pediatric immunization strategies. The research analyzed outcomes in children who received either one or two doses of the influenza vaccine. The findings demonstrated that two doses were more effective in boosting immune response and reducing the likelihood of influenza infection compared to a single dose, especially in children under 3 years old who had not been vaccinated previously. The authors emphasized that younger children often have less developed immune systems, making them more susceptible to viral infections and their complications. By ensuring completion of the recommended two-dose regimen, clinicians can help provide stronger and more reliable protection against influenza during the critical early years of life. According to the researchers, these results reinforce current vaccination guidelines and highlight the importance of adherence to the full two-dose schedule in young, vaccine-naive children. The study also adds to the growing body of evidence supporting early-life immunization as a critical public health measure to reduce influenza-related morbidity. While the benefits of the second dose become less pronounced with increasing age, ensuring strong protection during the most vulnerable period of early childhood remains a priority. The authors recommend that healthcare providers and parents prioritize completing the two-dose regimen to maximize vaccine effectiveness in children at highest risk. Keywords:Influenza vaccine, pediatric immunization, vaccine-naive children, two-dose schedule, protection, Shinjoh M,JAMA Network Open