Lipocalin-2 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Lipocalin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-α levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are useful as non-invasive screening tools for periodontitis, according to a recent study published in the Journal of Periodontal Research.

Study Overview

Identification of biomarkers to assess individual risk and monitor periodontal health status is important. Research on lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) LCN2, Sema3A, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in periodontally healthy (H), gingivitis (G), and periodontitis (P) patients, and their changes following non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Sixty systemically healthy and non-smoker participants, diagnosed as periodontally healthy, gingivitis, and stage III grade C periodontitis, were recruited (n = 20/group). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were obtained at baseline from all groups; for group P, these were repeated one and three months following non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF LCN2, Sema3A, and TNF-α levels were evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

• GCF LCN2, Sema3A, and TNF-α total amounts were significantly higher in disease groups than in group H (p < .001).
• Between the P and G groups, only TNF-α levels were significantly different (p < .001).
• Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant improvement of all clinical parameters and significant decreases of GCF LCN2 and TNF-α levels, at both time points, compared with baseline (p < .001).
• Sema3A levels remained unchanged following treatment (p > .05).
• LCN2 and TNF-α levels were significantly positively correlated with clinical parameters.
• LCN2 (AUC [area under the curve] = 0.94) and TNF-α (AUC = 0.98) levels were similarly accurate in differentiating between periodontal disease (whether G or P) and healthy controls.

Thus, LCN2 and TNF-α levels in GCF are correlated with clinical parameters and could prove useful as non-invasive screening tools for periodontitis.

Reference

Gingival crevicular fluid lipocalin-2 and semaphorin3A in stage III periodontitis: Non-surgical periodontal treatment effects by Merve Ceylan et al. published in the Journal of Periodontal Research

https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12995

Keywords

Gingival, crevicular, fluid, lipocalin-2, semaphorin3A, stage III, periodontitis, Non-surgical, periodontal, treatment, effects, Merve Ceylan, Huriye Erbak Yilmaz, Figen Narin, Dimitris N. Tatakis, Mehmet Saglam, Journal of Periodontal Research, LCN2, TNF-α levels