The interplay between dietary patterns and cancer risks remains a focal point in health research. A recent meta-analysis has delved into the connection between dietary inflammatory potential and the risk of urologic cancers (UC), aiming to refine and update previous findings. This study was published in Advances in Nutrition journal by Dai Y. and colleagues. The study, conducted from January 2015 to April 2023, presents a comprehensive analysis of 23 studies involving 557,576 subjects to explore the association between dietary patterns and UC risk.

Key Findings:
Prostate Cancer Association:
Case-control studies revealed a significant association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and prostate cancer (RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.34-2.28).
Contrarily, cohort studies showed a null association (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.08).
Bladder Cancer Findings:
Both case-control (RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.95-2.64) and cohort studies (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.86-1.24) displayed a nonsignificant association between DII and bladder cancer risk.
Kidney Cancer Relationship:
A significant association was established between DII and kidney cancer based on pooled data from case-control studies (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.56).
Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP):
Interestingly, no association was found between EDIP and UC risk, contrasting the positive associations observed with DII.
The meta-analysis corroborates the link between an inflammatory diet and specific urologic cancers, notably implicating prostate and kidney cancers. Notably, the study underscores divergent findings between case-control and cohort studies, suggesting varying associations based on study design. The results emphasize the importance of larger-scale investigations to provide nuanced insights into dietary influences on UC risk and offer tailored nutritional guidance for UC prevention.
Reference:
Dai, Y.-N., Yi-Wen Yu, E., Zeegers, M. P., & Wesselius, A. The association between dietary inflammatory potential and urologic cancers: A meta-analysis. Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.),2023;100124:100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.012