A new study published in Epidemiological Review reports that the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in central India is notably higher than global averages, with tobacco and areca nut use identified as the primary contributing factors. The researchers found a prevalence rate of 7.57%, underscoring a substantial public health concern in this region. Oral potentially malignant disorders, including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), are considered precursors to oral cancer, making their early detection and management critical. The predominance of advanced Grade IV OSMF in the study population highlights the urgency of implementing community-based awareness, preventive strategies, and effective screening programs. The study emphasizes that lifestyle factors, particularly the widespread consumption of smokeless tobacco and areca nut products, play a central role in the development of these oral conditions. These substances not only increase the risk of malignant transformation but also accelerate disease progression to advanced stages. The authors argue that public health initiatives must go beyond awareness campaigns to include targeted interventions such as restrictions on areca nut and tobacco availability, along with school and community education on the risks associated with their use. Strengthening dental and medical screening services at the primary healthcare level could also help with earlier diagnosis, allowing for more effective management and reduced progression to malignancy. According to the authors, the findings demonstrate the importance of integrating oral health into broader non-communicable disease strategies in India. With OPMDs carrying a significant risk of malignant transformation, timely identification and intervention are crucial in reducing the future burden of oral cancer. The study calls for urgent, large-scale public health measures, combining legislative action with grassroots-level health promotion and clinical screening. By prioritizing early detection and addressing the root behavioral causes, such as tobacco and areca nut use, policymakers and healthcare providers can help mitigate the rising threat posed by oral potentially malignant disorders in high-risk populations. Keywords:Oral potentially malignant disorders, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, tobacco, areca nut, Kushwaha SS,Przegl Epidemiologiczny,Epidemiological Review