USA: Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) are common in children withobstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and their prevalence appears to rise with age and OSA severity. New evidence suggests thatadenotonsillectomy (AT), a standard surgical treatment for OSA, resolves these abnormal movements in the majority of affected children. The study was led by Seckin O. Ulualp and colleagues from the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA. The researchers reviewed clinical records to determine how frequentlyPLMSoccur in children with OSA and how these movements change after AT. Between January 2022 and July 2023, the team analyzed data from 1,159 children (median age: 5 years; 58.3% boys) who underwent AT at a tertiary care children's hospital. The severity of OSA was classified based on the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), with mild cases defined as 1–4 events per hour, moderate as 5–9, and severe as 10 or more. An elevated periodic limb movement index (PLMI) was defined as more than five limb movements per hour during sleep, measured through polysomnography. The study revealed the following findings: “The potential clinical implications of our findings are the consideration of adenotonsillectomy for the initial management of children with OSA and elevated PLMI and counseling caregivers regarding the treatment of elevated PLMI,” the authors wrote. The study, published inThe Laryngoscope,highlights the dual benefit of AT—not only addressing the airway obstruction characteristic of OSA but also significantly reducing associated limb movements that may disrupt sleep quality. However, the researchers acknowledged certain limitations. Being a retrospective study, detailed information on sleep characteristics, symptom changes, and ferritin levels could not be systematically assessed. Additionally, only a small subset of children underwent both pre- and post-surgery sleep studies, limiting the scope of subgroup comparisons. "Despite these challenges, the findings provide strong support for the use of adenotonsillectomy in managing OSA-related complications in children, with evidence showing that most will experience substantial improvement in both breathing-related and movement-related sleep disturbances," the authors concluded. Niksic, A., Ulualp, S. O., Chapel, A. C., Liu, C., Lenes-Voit, F., & Mitchell, R. B. Periodic Limb Movements Before and After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. The Laryngoscope. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.32314